ABSTRACT
RESUMO A susceptibilidade dos conceptos a agentes químicos varia muito em cada estágio do desenvolvimento. Devido a isto, a maioria dos países passou a exigir a análise do potencial para afetar todos os aspectos da reprodução (espermatogênese, acasalamento, prenhez, parto e lactação) para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos e fitoterápicos. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito do extrato hidroetanólico de Simaba ferruginea St. Hil (calunga) (EHSF) v.o., em ratas da linhagem Wistar tratadas durante a prenhez e verificar a interferência no desenvolvimento intra-uterino da prole. As ratas foram tratadas com EHSF 50 e 100 mg Kg-1 ou água destilada, do seguinte modo: a) do 1º ao 6º dia de prenhez (período da formação do blastocisto e implantação); b) do 8º ao 16º dia de prenhez (fase embrionária de organogênese); c) do 15º ao 19º dia de prenhez (fase do desenvolvimento fetal). O tratamento do 1º ao 6º dia, mostrou redução no número de fetos com ambas doses e não alterou o peso do útero / ovário nem peso corporal das mães. Quando as ratas foram tratadas na fase da organogênese verificou-se, redução estatisticamente significante do número de fetos vivos com a dose 50 mg Kg-1, e o aparecimento de fetos mortos em 30% das fêmeas tratadas com EHSF 50 mg Kg-1 e em 20% nas fêmeas tratadas com a dose de 100 mg Kg-1, não houve alteração no peso do útero / ovário nem no peso corporal das matrizes. Finalmente, o tratamento no período fetal não afetou o número de filhotes vivos, não provocou malformações anatômicas visíveis a olho nu, nem reabsorção fetal; porém, observou-se que 10% das mães tratadas com 50 mg Kg-1 apresentaram 2 fetos mortos e 20% das mães tratadas com 100 mg Kg-1 apresentaram, em média, 4 fetos mortos. Com estes dados, pode ser concluído que o EHSF apresenta baixa ou nenhuma toxicidade materna para ratas Wistar, embora seja letal para alguns descendentes, independente da fase da prenhez em que foram realizados os tratamentos ...
ABSTRACT The susceptibility of concepts to chemical agents varies a lot at each development stage. Because of that, most countries started requiring the analysis of potential to affect all aspects of reproduction (spermatogenesis, mating, pregnancy, birth and lactation) for the development of new drugs and herbal medicines. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the hydroethanolic extract of Simaba ferruginea St. Hil ("calunga") (EHSF) on female Wistar rats treated during pregnancy in order to check the interference on the intrauterine development of the offspring. The rats were treated with EHSF 50 and 100 mg/kg-1or distilled water, as follows: a) from day 1 to day 6 of pregnancy (period of blastocytes formation and implantation); b) from day 8 to day 16 of pregnancy (embryonic phase of organogenesis); c) from day 15 to day 19 of pregnancy (fetal development phase). The treatment from day 1 to day 6 showed reduction on the amount of fetuses with both doses and it did not alter neither the weight of the uterus / ovary nor the body weight of the mothers. When the female rats were treated in the organogenesis phase, it was verified both statistical significant decrease on the number of live fetuses for the 50 mg / Kg-1, and also appearance of dead fetuses in 30% of the female rats treated with EHSF 50 mg / Kg-1. In 20% of the female rats treated with 100 mg / Kg-1, there was no alteration neither in the weight of the uterus / ovary or in the body weight of the matrixes. Finally, the treatment in the fetal period did not affect the number of live descendants, or caused anatomical malformations visible to naked eye and fetal reabsorption. However, 10% of the mothers treated with 50 mg / Kg-1presented 2 dead fetuses and 20% of the mothers who had 100 mg / Kg-1showed, on average, 4 dead fetuses. With this data, we can conclude that EHSF presents low maternal toxicity for Wistar rats, although being fatal to some descendants, not mattering in which pregnancy phase the treatments have been performed, being more evident in the earlier phases. For this reason, it is recommended to avoid the use of this plant in pregnancy case.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Rats, Wistar/classification , Simaroubaceae/metabolism , Organogenesis , Reproduction , Pregnancy , Pregnancy, Animal/metabolismABSTRACT
Human infection with fish parasites can result from the ingestion of incompletely cooked or raw fish, giving origin to parasitic diseases such as anisakiasis, caused by parasites of the Anisakidae family. The present study assessed the in vitro larvicidal effect of two monoterpene compounds, geraniol and citronellal, against Contracaecum sp (Nematoda: Anisakidae). Four hundred live larvae of Contracaecum sp obtained from "traíra" fish (Hoplias malabaricus, Bloch, 1974) were analyzed on 40 Petri dishes (10 larvae each) with the compounds to be tested. The final concentrations tested for each compound were 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.2 µg/mL and the evaluation was carried out at five different times (2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h). The larvicidal action of geraniol and citronellal was statistically superior (P < 0.005) to the control (1 percent ethanol) at concentrations of 250 and 31.2 µg/mL (geraniol) and 250, 125, and 62.5 μg/mL (citronellal). However, no larvicidal activity was observed at concentrations of 125 and 62.5 µg/mL for geraniol and 31.2 µg/mL for citronellal. When the larvicidal action of geraniol was compared to that of citronellal, the former was found to be statistically superior (P < 0.05) to the latter at concentrations of 250 and 31.2 μg/mL. On the other hand, citronellal was statistically superior (P < 0.005) to geraniol at concentrations of 125 and 62.5 μg/mL. The larval mortality rate in terms of time (hours) was higher for geraniol with the passing of time at the 250 μg/mL concentration. At this concentration (in 48 h) the best larvicidal effect was observed with 90 percent lethality. The larvae were considered to be dead using no motility and loss of structural integrity as parameters. The data indicate that natural terpene compounds should be more explored for antihelminthic activity and can be useful for other studies about anisakiasis treatment.
Subject(s)
Animals , Aldehydes/pharmacology , Antinematodal Agents/pharmacology , Monoterpenes/pharmacology , Nematoda/drug effects , Terpenes/pharmacology , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Larva/drug effects , Nematoda/growth & development , Parasitic Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
The effects of chronic administration of domperidone (DOM), a peripherally acting anti-emetic and hyperprolactinemic D2-dopaminoceptor antagonisti, on active and inhibitory conditioned behavior were tested on male and female rats. DOM (4 mg/Kg) was injected ip daily either for 5 or 30 days. Although treatment for 5 days failed to effect experimental parameters, treatment for 30 days impaired the performance of active conditioned avoidance of female, but not male, rats. This effect was no longer observed 7 days after ending treatment. No effects of DOM treatment were observed on active conditioned avoidance of male rats or on inhibitory conditioned behavior of all rats. These data suggest that female rats are more susceptible to the hyperprolactinemic effects of DOM than male rats. However, an influence of estrous cycle interruption cannot be rejected